Nearly 4 million people have voluntarily returned to Sudan since the onset of conflict, many hoping to rebuild their lives, but without urgent investment in essential services, housing, and livelihoods, those returns risk falling apart, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) warned during a senior official's visit to the country. Returns have been concentrated in Aj Jazirah and Khartoum, driven by improving security in some areas, economic pressure, family reunification, and deteriorating conditions in displacement sites and neighbouring countries. IOM Deputy Director General SungAh Lee said too many returnees are arriving to find "destroyed services, damaged homes and new uncertainty."