International Centre for Ocean Development (ICOD)

The International Centre for Ocean Development (ICOD) was a Canadian Crown Corporation established in 1985. Its headquarters were located in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The ICOD assisted developing coastal and island nations in managing their ocean resources, with an emphasis on food production. The developing world's sudden and increased need for assistance with marine management was a result of Article 56 of The Law of the Sea (1982), which established exclusive economic zones (EEZs) extending as far as 200 nautical miles from the shore. As a result, many developing nations found themselves controlling considerably increased marine areas and resources. The ICOD provided Canadian expertise through personnel training, technical assistance, and specialized information. Its financial support was directed at developing the institutions, infrastructures, and human resources necessary for developing nations to sustain the work started by the ICOD. Borgese was the chair of the ICOD and a member of its Board of Directors from 1985 until it closed in 1992