The Middle East and North Africa region faces a mounting waste crisis that costs an estimated US$7.2 billion in environmental damage every year, according to a new World Bank report. The study warns that without urgent action, the region’s annual waste—already more than 155 million tons—could double by 2050, threatening public health, tourism, and economic growth.
The report, Waste Management in the Middle East and North Africa, paints a stark picture: while waste collection covers nearly 80 percent of urban areas, only about 10 percent is recycled, and two-thirds is mismanaged. Poorly handled waste contributes to widespread air, soil, and water pollution, increasing health risks and adding to plastic pollution across the region’s coastlines. The Mediterranean, in particular, ranks as one of the world’s most polluted seas.
“Cities across the region are on the frontline of the waste challenge,” said Almud Weitz, the World Bank’s Regional Practice Director for Infrastructure. “Improving waste management isn’t just about cleaner streets—it’s critical for public health, economic growth, and protecting communities from pollution.”
Even small improvements could have major impact. “A one percent drop in waste generation could save up to US$150 million each year,” said Mesky Brhane, Regional Practice Director for the Planet Department at the World Bank. “By modernizing waste systems and embracing circular economy solutions, countries can protect citizens’ health, support tourism, and create greener, more resilient cities.”
The report, based on data from 19 countries and 26 cities, lays out different strategies depending on national income levels. Wealthier countries can reduce landfilling and scale up recycling; middle-income nations can aim for universal collection and better waste treatment; and fragile or conflict-affected states should focus on low-cost, community-led solutions.
Overall, the study finds that as much as 83 percent of the region’s waste could be reused, recycled, or turned into energy. A shift toward circular economy practices could transform the sector from a costly burden into a source of green jobs and sustainable growth—turning waste into a tool for resilience rather than a mounting environmental risk.
