Global fish production reaches record high amid climate concerns | Report

Global fisheries and aquaculture production reached a record 188.2 million tonnes in 2024, cementing seafood’s role as a critical source of nutrition and income for billions of people, according to a press release by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The landmark report, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2026, reveals that aquaculture now supplies most of the fish people eat. For the first time, aquaculture accounts for the majority of fish destined for human consumption. This historic shift carries profound implications for food security and environmental sustainability. However, rising temperatures and overfishing are putting the future of the industry at risk.

The study shows that aquatic foods supply essential proteins, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals that are difficult to obtain from other sources. These nutrients are particularly important for vulnerable populations in low-income countries. Per capita fish consumption has reached 20.7 kilograms annually, the highest level ever recorded. In many coastal and island nations, fish provides more than half of all animal protein intake. The findings underscore the growing reliance on aquatic foods worldwide.

Aquaculture’s ascent

The sector drives economic opportunity, with some 63.8 million people working directly in fisheries and aquaculture worldwide. Women make up a significant share of the workforce, particularly in processing and trade. When the broader value chain is included, fisheries and aquaculture support the livelihoods of roughly 600 million people globally. Aquaculture production reached 103.3 million tonnes in 2024, continuing decades of rapid expansion. The report describes this milestone as a “turning point” for global food systems.

Ocean under pressure

Asia dominates production, but aquaculture is expanding in Africa and Latin America, offering new pathways for rural development and poverty reduction. The report highlights the potential of small-scale aquaculture to improve nutrition and incomes in underserved communities. However, intensive aquaculture can strain local ecosystems, spread disease and generate pollution if poorly managed. Warming oceans, acidification and shifting species distributions are already disrupting fisheries worldwide. According to the FAO, governments need to strengthen governance and promote sustainable practices.

The report calls for urgent investment in climate adaptation and ecosystem-based management to safeguard marine resources. “Transformative change is needed,” the assessment concludes. It urges governments to end harmful subsidies, combat illegal fishing and invest in science-based management. Data also shows that some of the world’s fisheries are recovering thanks to effective, science-based management. The findings reinforce the dual challenge of meeting rising demand while protecting the ecosystems that sustain it.