Iraq

Iraq’s infrastructure development remains focused on reconstruction and modernisation of transport, energy and utilities after years of conflict and underinvestment. Projects such as railway extension and energy system rehabilitation are intended to improve connectivity, boost trade, create jobs and diversify the economy beyond oil. Financing is a mix of international support (e.g., World Bank and JICA assistance), hydrocarbons revenues and emerging private sector involvement in infrastructure financing platforms. Key constraints include fiscal vulnerabilities, governance weaknesses, and the need to balance reconstruction priorities with sustainable long-term development objectives.