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Uttarakhand was carved out of the northern part of Uttar Pradesh on 9th Nov; 2000. It is bounded by U.P. on the South, Nepal on the East, Himachal Pradesh on the west and China on the north-east. The geographical area of the state is 53,483 sq.km. It ranks at 18th place and it’s share is 1.69% of the country's area as a whole. The major part of the state of Uttarakhand is hilly.Geographically, it is situated in the central Himalayan zone. It extends between 77o 34' and 81o 02' E longitude and 28o 43' to 31o 27' N latitude. The topography of Uttarakhand is characterized by hilly terrain, rugged and rocky Mountains, deep valleys, high peaks, sharp streams and rivulets, rapid soil erosion, frequent landslides and widely scattered habitations.