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Real GDP grew by an estimated 2.8% in 2018, after contracting 3.8% in 2017, supported by the Glencore debt renegotiation in February 2018 and substantial external financing. The fiscal balance was an estimated surplus of 0.1% of GDP, up from a deficit of 0.8% in 2017, thanks to increased revenue (mainly from oil), budget support, and control of total expenditure, particularly salaries (down 6%). The second review of the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) Extended Credit Facility was approved in July 2018.